“Seeking Truth” magazine published an important article by General Secretary Xi Jinping “Better grasp and use the historical experience of the party’s century-old struggle”

Better grasp and use the historical experience of the party’s century-old struggle ^※

Xi Jinping

On January 11, 2022, a special seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level to study and implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held at the Central Party School (National School of Administration). General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the opening ceremony. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren / photo

The purpose of this seminar held by the Party Central Committee is to deeply study and understand the resolutions of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party, better grasp and apply the historical experience of the Party’s century-long struggle, carry forward the great spirit of building the Party, and mobilize the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups to be firm. Move forward with confidence and courage, and make unremitting efforts to achieve the party’s second centenary goal.

Regarding studying and implementing the spirit of the plenary session, I have made requests on many occasions. At the first plenary meeting of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I talked about the Party Central Committee’s consideration of the topics of the plenary session, emphasizing the necessity and importance of formulating the third historical resolution of the party, and the key issues that need to be grasped. At the second plenary meeting of the plenary session, I emphasized that we should focus on learning the spirit of the plenary session to consolidate the achievements of party history learning and education, deeply understand the great significance of summarizing the great achievements and historical experience of the party’s century-old struggle, and deeply understand the original mission of the party’s century-old struggle. , have a profound understanding of the historic achievements and historic changes of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era, deeply understand the historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, deeply understand the important requirements of taking history as a mirror and creating the future, and guide the cadres and the masses to accurately grasp the theme of the party’s historical development Main line and mainstream essence, draw wisdom and strength from the party’s struggle, strengthen historical self-confidence, consciously adhere to ideals and beliefs, adhere to the party’s political construction, always maintain the unity and unity of the party, firmly assume responsibility, and continuously strengthen the will and the great struggle. Skills, insist on self-revolution, and ensure that the party does not change its color and does not change its taste. Not long ago, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a special democratic life meeting on the study and education of the party history. I emphasized that the purpose of summarizing, studying, educating, and propagating the party history is to increase historical self-confidence, enhance unity and unity, and strengthen the spirit of struggle. To consciously implement the original mission, strengthen ideals and beliefs, maintain the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, ensure that the Party’s theory, line, principles and policies are in line with reality, and take the lead in implementing the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee.

This time it is a special seminar. Since it is a seminar, I would like to focus on five issues on the basis of studying the resolutions of the plenary session with you.

The first question: Promoting the Sinicization of Marxism

If a nation wants to walk in the forefront of the times, it cannot be without theoretical thinking for a moment, and it cannot be without the guidance of correct thinking for a moment. Why the Communist Party of China can, and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is so good is because of Marxism in the final analysis. The reason why Marxism works is that the Party has continuously promoted the modernization of Marxism in China and used it to guide practice.

The resolution of this plenary session made a comprehensive summary of the Party’s continuous promotion of the Sinicization of Marxism in the course of its century of struggle, emphasizing that Mao Zedong Thought is the creative application and development of Marxism-Leninism in China, and it is the first historic event of the Sinicization of Marxism. Leap; Emphasizes the creation of Deng Xiaoping Theory in the practice of reform and opening up, the formation of the important thought of “Three Represents” and the Scientific Outlook on Development, the formation of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the realization of a new leap in the Sinicization of Marxism; Emphasis on entering a new era The party has put forward a series of original new concepts, new ideas and strategies for state governance, created the socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and achieved a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism. In summarizing the historical experience of the party’s century-long struggle, the resolution of the plenary session emphasized that the reason why the party can lead the people to complete the arduous tasks that other various political forces in China could not accomplish in repeated pursuits, setbacks, and explorations lies in insisting on the Combining the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific reality and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, insisting that practice is the only criterion for testing truth, insisting that everything starts from reality, answering the questions of the times and the people in a timely manner, and continuously promoting the Sinicization of Marxism epochalization. Focusing on analysis, research and summarization of the Sinicization of Marxism in the party’s century-long struggle is an important content throughout the resolution of the plenary session, and we must study it in depth and fully understand it.

We must realize that Marxism has pointed out the direction for the development and progress of human society, and is a powerful ideological weapon for us to understand the world, grasp the laws, pursue the truth, and transform the world. In the history of human thought, no ideological theory has had such a broad and profound impact on human beings as Marxism. From the publication of the Communist Manifesto to today, no matter how the times change and science progresses, Marxism still occupies the commanding heights of truth and morality. Therefore, we say that Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology of our party and the country, and it is the soul and banner of the party. At the same time, we must recognize that Marxist theory is not a dogma, but a guide to action, which must evolve with changes in practice. Whether Marxism can play a role in practice depends on whether the basic principles of Marxism can be combined with China’s reality and the characteristics of the times.

Old China was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country with a very backward economy, technology and culture and a large population in the East. It is an unprecedented problem in the history of Marxist development as to which path to choose to lead the Chinese revolution to victory. The young Communist Party of China once simply applied the general principles of Marxism-Leninism on the proletarian revolution and copied the experience of the Russian October Revolution in the urban armed uprisings, without fully considering China’s national conditions and the reality of the Chinese revolution, causing the Chinese revolution to suffer serious setbacks. Comrade Mao Zedong was a great pioneer of the Sinicization of Marxism, and creatively solved a series of major problems of combining the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with China’s reality. In 1938, he first put forward the proposition of the sinicization of Marxism at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party’s Enlarged Session: “The sinicization of Marxism should bring Chinese characteristics into every expression, that is to say, according to China’s It has become a problem that the whole party needs to understand and solve urgently.” After the founding of New China, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed to learn from the Soviet Union and apply the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism to the concrete reality of China’s socialist revolution and construction. “Second Combination”, “considering how to act in accordance with China’s conditions from all aspects”, and independently explore the path of socialist construction that suits China’s national conditions. Entering the new era of reform and opening up, the party has profoundly summarized the positive and negative experiences since the founding of New China, emancipated the mind, sought truth from facts, profoundly revealed the essence of socialism, established the basic line of the primary stage of socialism, and established the reform goals and basic framework of the socialist market economic system. ,and many more. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, we often said that we needed to “break a bloody path”, but there must be theoretical guidance in breaking a bloody path. Without the Party’s continuous promotion of the Sinicization of Marxism since the Third Plenary Session of the Party’s Eleventh Central Committee, there would be no vigorous situation of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

From December 27 to 28, 2021, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a special democratic life meeting on the study and education of party history. Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, presided over the meeting and delivered an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng / photo

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party has comprehensively reviewed the new international and domestic situations, and systematically answered from the combination of theory and practice what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to adhere to and develop in the new era, how to adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and what to build. The major issues of the times, such as how to build a powerful modern socialist country, how to build a powerful modern socialist country, what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build, and how to build a long-term governing Marxist political party, have made historic achievements in promoting the cause of the party and the country. Sexual change provides scientific theoretical guidance. We propose to promote Chinese-style modernization, propose that China’s economic development has entered a new normal, propose to base itself on a new development stage, implement new development concepts, and build a new development pattern, propose to promote high-quality development, and make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. Better Give full play to the role of the government, put forward a decisive battle against poverty and a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, put forward the development of people’s democracy in the whole process, promote the comprehensive rule of law, and promote the modernization of the country’s governance system and governance capacity, put forward the all-round development of people, and promote the common prosperity of all people. Coordinate development and security, put forward the goal and strategy of strengthening the military in the new era, maintain and implement the central government’s overall governance over Hong Kong and Macao, propose the building of a new form of human civilization, jointly build the “Belt and Road”, and promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Promoting the construction of a new type of international relations, promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, proposing to uphold and strengthen the party’s overall leadership, implement the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, and lead the great social revolution with great self-revolution, etc. Starting from the development and changes of the world, and put forward after reviewing the situation, scientific judgment, and in-depth thinking, it provides scientific theoretical guidance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

On the morning of September 30, 2021, party and state leaders Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng, Wang Qishan and others came to Beijing’s Tiananmen Square to attend the ceremony of presenting flower baskets to the people’s heroes on the Martyrs’ Day. Xinhua News Agency reporter Rao Aimin / photo

In the face of a rapidly changing world and China, if we stick to the rules, rigid ideas, lack the courage to innovate in theory, and cannot scientifically answer the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, not only will the cause of the party and the country be unable to move forward, Marx Doctrine also loses its vitality and persuasion. Marxism has profoundly changed China, and China has greatly enriched Marxism. Therefore, when talking about the historical significance of the 100-year struggle of the Communist Party of China, the resolution of the plenary session emphasized that the Sinicization of Marxism has continued to achieve success, so that Marxism can be displayed in the world in a new image, and the two worlds of socialism and capitalism will be transformed. The ideology, the historical evolution of the two social systems and their rivalry have undergone major changes in favor of socialism.

The development of practice will never end, and so will our efforts to promote the Sinicization of Marxism. When dealing with Marxism, we cannot adopt a dogmatic attitude, nor can we adopt a pragmatic attitude, but should treat science with a scientific attitude and pursue the truth with the spirit of truth.

Contemporary China is experiencing the most ambitious and unique practice innovation in human history. The tasks of reform, development and stability, the many contradictions, risks and challenges, and the challenges of state governance are unprecedented. The world has undergone profound changes unseen in a century. Theoretical and practical questions that need to be answered urgently. The task of promoting the modernization of Marxism in China is not lighter, but heavier. We must accurately grasp the general trend of the times, have the courage to stand at the forefront of human development, listen to the voices of the people, respond to practical needs, adhere to emancipating the mind, seek truth from facts, keep upright and innovate, and better unify the adherence to Marxism and the development of Marxism, and adhere to the use of Marxism. The goal is to “shoot the Chinese” in the new era, and continue to promote the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific reality and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, so that Marxism presents more Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style. Continued Write a new chapter of the modernization of Marxism in China.

“The sky is driven by the new, and people live by the new.” We must seek truth from facts to analyze change and change, and review our theories with the times , carved a boat for a sword. We often say that leading cadres now have a problem of “skill panic”, and the most fundamental lack of skill is insufficient theoretical literacy. Undoubtedly, we must adhere to the basic principles, basic principles, and basic viewpoints of the Party’s theory. At the same time, the specific theoretical arguments of a particular period cannot remain unchanged, nor can the specific principles and policies that arise from them remain unchanged. For example, development is a process of constant change, the development environment will not remain the same, the development conditions will not remain the same, and the development concept will naturally not remain the same. The party has put forward a new development concept and proposed the promotion of high-quality development, and the whole party must use this to think, plan, and promote development work.

In short, the times are developing and the cause is advancing. We cannot simply use what Marx, Engels, and Lenin said in the past to apply to today’s China’s reality, nor can we simply use some specific theoretical viewpoints put forward by the party in the past and specific policies and measures arising therefrom. Come to set today’s work. Everything depends on what was said more than a hundred years ago, and what was said decades ago. You can’t go one step further, you can only follow each step, so how can you move forward? ! That’s not real Marxism!

The second question: correctly grasp the main social contradiction and the central task

The ancients said: “Those who are good at reasoning should set out their guidelines and sparse their nets.” The century-long struggle of the party tells us that whether the cause of the party and the people can move in the right direction depends on whether we can accurately understand and grasp the main social contradictions. , Determine the central task. When the main social contradiction and the central task are accurately judged, the cause of the party and the people will develop smoothly; otherwise, the cause of the party and the people will suffer setbacks.

The resolution of this plenary session made a comprehensive analysis of the party’s ability to grasp the main social contradiction and the central task to drive the overall work, emphasizing that the main contradiction in modern Chinese society is the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people, and realize the realization of the Chinese nation. The great revival must be fought against imperialism and feudalism; it is emphasized that after the socialist transformation of our country is basically completed, the main contradiction in the country is the contradiction between the people’s needs for rapid economic and cultural development and the situation at that time that the economy and culture could not meet the needs of the people. The task is to focus on developing social productive forces, realize the industrialization of the country, and gradually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people; it is emphasized that after the reform and opening up, the main contradiction in our society is the contradiction between the people’s growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production. This main contradiction is our central task; it is emphasized that the main contradiction in our society in the new era is the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. We must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy and implement the new development concept. , build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, promote the all-round development of people, and achieve more obvious and substantive progress in the common prosperity of all people. Focusing on analyzing and summarizing the Party’s research and grasp of the main contradictions and central tasks of our society in the course of its century-long struggle is an important content that runs through the resolution of the plenary session. We must study it in depth and fully understand it.

From September 13 to 14, 2021, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi Jinping inspected Yulin City, Shaanxi Province. This is the afternoon of the 13th, Xi Jinping inspected the old revolutionary site in Yangjiagou, Mizhi County. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi / photo

Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in “On Contradiction”: “The study of the various imbalances of contradictions, the study of the main contradiction and the non-main contradiction, the main contradiction and the non-main contradiction, has become the correct principle of the revolutionary party. One of the important methods for determining their political and military strategic and tactical policies is that all Communists should pay attention to.” After modern times, Chinese social contradictions were intricate and complicated, including the contradictions between imperialism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people. Contradictions include the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and the contradiction within the reactionary ruling class, and the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation is the most important of all contradictions. During the period of the Great Revolution, the Party clearly stated that the main contradiction in our society was the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, established the central task of “overthrowing the great powers and eliminating the warlords”, and led the people to rise up the torrent of the Great Revolution. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party realized that the main contradiction in our society had transformed into the contradiction between the new Kuomintang warlords and the people, and promptly adjusted its central tasks to carry out agrarian revolution, armed struggle and base area construction. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Party proposed that the contradiction between Japanese imperialism and the Chinese nation had risen to the main contradiction. Centering on the central task of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front and overthrowing Japanese imperialism, it guided the direction of China’s war of resistance and became the mainstay of the entire nation’s war of resistance. During the War of Liberation, the Party recognized that the contradiction between the Chinese people and the Kuomintang reactionaries supported by U.S. imperialism had become the main contradiction, and proposed to “overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and liberate the whole of China”. China. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Party has continuously made new judgments on the main contradictions of our society in accordance with the development and changes of the cause of the Party and the country, and on this basis has proposed the central tasks of the Party to promote the continuous development of the cause of the Party and the people.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of my country, through scientific analysis, the Party has realized that the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and insufficient development. This is a major strategic judgment made by the Party based on the constantly changing new characteristics of the primary stage of socialism in our country. The changes in the main contradictions of our society in the new era have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in our country, but they are historical changes related to the overall situation, focusing on the new feature of unbalanced and insufficient development in our country. The party has a deep understanding of the new requirements brought about by the changes in the main contradictions of our society in the new era, scientifically formulates lines, principles, policies and work arrangements, and promotes solutions to the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development from all aspects, so as to better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

In the face of complex situations, complex contradictions, and heavy tasks, there is no priority, no distinction is made, and it is impossible to do a good job by grasping the eyebrows and beards. In particular, if the judgment of the main social contradiction is wrong, it will cause serious harm to the cause of the party and the country, even subversive harm. For example, they made a completely wrong estimate of the class situation in our country and the political situation of the party and the country, launched the “Cultural Revolution”, led to ten years of civil strife, and caused the party, the country and the people to suffer the most serious setbacks and losses since the founding of New China. . We must have an overall view, have a clear understanding of all kinds of contradictions, and at the same time, we must focus on the main contradiction and the central task, and give priority to solving the main contradiction and the main aspect of the contradiction, so as to drive the resolution of other contradictions, and realize it in the overall promotion. Key breakthroughs will drive the overall level of economic and social development to jump through key breakthroughs, and will continue to advance towards the goal of building a powerful modern socialist country in an all-round way.

The third question: attach importance to strategic and strategic issues

Strategic issues are fundamental issues for a political party and a country. If the strategic judgment is accurate, the strategic plan is scientific, and the strategy wins the initiative, the cause of the party and the people will have great hope. Over the past 100 years, the party has always been able to strategically understand, analyze, and judge the major historical issues it faces at major historical junctures, and formulate correct political strategies and strategies. This is a powerful guarantee for the party to overcome countless risks and challenges and continue from victory to victory .

On October 19, 2020, Party and state leaders Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng, Wang Qishan and others visited the “Remember the Great Victory and Defend Peace and Justice – Commemorating the Chinese People’s Revolutionary Military Museum”. The theme exhibition of the 70th anniversary of the Volunteers’ War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.” Xinhua News Agency reporter Ju Peng / photo

The resolution of this plenary session made a comprehensive summary of the fact that the Party has attached great importance to strategic and strategic issues and constantly put forward scientific strategic strategies in the course of its century-long struggle, emphasizing that during the period of the new-democratic revolution, the Party has clearly changed from attacking big cities to marching into rural areas, which is the decision of the Chinese revolution. A new starting point of significance, the party implements the correct anti-Japanese national united front policy, proposes and implements the strategic general policy of protracted war, and a set of strategies and tactics for people’s war. Defense turns to strategic offensive; emphasizes that the party promotes the transition from new democracy to socialism during the socialist revolution and construction period, proposes a series of strategic strategies from the political, economic, military and other aspects, proposes the general line for the transition period, adjusts the diplomatic strategy according to the situation, and proposes divisions The strategy of the three worlds, continuously advancing socialist revolution and construction, etc.; emphasized that the party leadership in the new era of reform and opening up has realized the strategic shift of the center of the work of the party and the state, and formulated a three-step approach to basically realize socialism by the middle of the 21st century. The development strategy of modernization puts forward that peace and development are the themes of the current era; it emphasizes that the party has entered into a new era to make overall plans to grasp the overall situation of the strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world unseen in a century, and to adhere to the party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy. , to take charge of the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, propose to enhance the “four consciousnesses”, strengthen the “four self-confidences”, and achieve the “two maintenances”, and propose to coordinate the overall layout and coordination of the “five-in-one” Promote the “four comprehensive” strategic layout, adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and propose a series of original new strategies for state governance. Focusing on analyzing and summarizing the Party’s research and grasp of strategic strategies in the course of its century-long struggle is an important part of the resolutions of the plenary session, and we must study and fully understand it.

Strategy is to make judgments and decisions from the overall, long-term, and general situation. Comrade Mao Zedong talked about this very vividly. He said: “If you sit on the podium and can’t see anything, you can’t be called a leader. Sitting on the podium, you can only see a large number of common things that have appeared on the horizon. That’s ordinary, and it’s not leadership. It’s only when there’s not a lot of obvious stuff, when the top of the mast is just showing, that it’s going to be developed into a lot of general stuff, and it can be Mastering it is called leadership.” The kind of leadership Comrade Mao Zedong talked about is strategic leadership.

After Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China, the Chinese nation was faced with an unprecedented crisis. The question that the people of the whole country are most concerned about is: Can this war be won? How to win? Comrade Mao Zedong answered this question scientifically. In his article “On Protracted War” published in 1938, he analyzed the four characteristics of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression: the enemy is strong and we are weak; With a large population, the enemy has lost the way, and the enemy has few ways to help me, I have more ways to help, and accurately predicted the three stages of the Anti-Japanese War from defense to stalemate, and finally to counter-offensive. Having a clear understanding of the future, greatly strengthened the confidence of the military and civilians across the country to persist in the War of Resistance.

In 1945, when discussing the future of the Party’s development after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War during the Seventh Party Congress in 1945, Comrade Mao Zedong said: “From the perspective of our Party and the future of the Chinese revolution, the Northeast is particularly important. If we put all the existing The base areas have been lost, and as long as we have the Northeast, then the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation. Of course, if the other base areas are not lost, and we have the Northeast, the foundation of the Chinese revolution will be even stronger.” After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, our party Quickly mobilized 20,000 cadres and 110,000 troops to seize the Northeast. A total of 77 Central Committee members and alternate Central Committee members were elected at the Seventh National Congress, of which 20 were sent to work in the Northeast. What a visionary strategic decision! Subsequent developments also proved how important this strategic decision was to the victory of the war of liberation.

We are a big party, lead a big country, and carry out a great cause, and we must never make strategic mistakes. There are small aspects that cannot be seen. Mistakes of one kind or another are difficult to completely avoid. Such mistakes involve a little bit of a problem, the impact is not large, and it is relatively easy to correct. If there is a deviation in strategy, the consequences will be severe and the cost will be huge. The party had a hard lesson early on. The fifth anti-“encirclement and suppression” campaign in the Central Revolutionary Base Area was a misjudgment in terms of strategy, failing to see the disparity in the power balance between the enemy and ourselves, and trying to “keep the enemy out of the country”, which resulted in a huge cost. Therefore, I have always emphasized that leading cadres must be good at strategic thinking, and be good at seeing and thinking about problems from a strategic perspective.

The ancients said: “There is a certain strategy, and then there is a certain merit. Those who are strategic should not be rushed, and those who are meritorious should not be lucky.” The correct strategy requires the correct strategy to implement. To achieve victory in all aspects of the struggle, we must not only have a strategic plan and a firm will to fight, but also have a strategy, wisdom and methods. Strategy serves strategy under strategic guidance. Strategy and tactics are a dialectical and unified relationship. Combining the firmness of the strategy with the flexibility of the strategy, the stance must be high, and the work must be realistic. It must not only focus on the direction, focus on major events, and plan for the long-term, but also focus on the work. The entry point and focus point are to calculate both the general ledger and the small account. If there is not enough strategic determination and strategic vitality, it is easy to worry about gains and losses, fluctuating, and failing to advance or retreat, and development opportunities will be missed.

In the later period of the Liberation War, the Party led the land reform, which was a strategic measure to win the support of the vast number of peasants. However, how to implement it in practice requires the adoption of policy measures that are in line with the reality. The land reform work started in a mess, and some places were “leftist”, but it was corrected in time. Comrade Mao Zedong proposed that different strategies should be adopted according to different regions. The first is the old liberated areas before Japan’s surrender, in which land has already been allocated in general and only a part of the land needs to be adjusted. The second is Japan’s surrender to areas liberated before the August 1947 counteroffensive, where land laws are fully applied and land is generally and thoroughly distributed. The third type is the newly liberated areas after the great counter-offensive. Since the masses have not yet mobilized, they should not attempt to implement the land law all at once, but should implement the land law in two stages. It is precisely because of the implementation of differentiated and correct strategies that the entire land reform has been carried out smoothly, and the Party has won the sincere support and support of the vast number of peasants in both the old liberated areas and the new liberated areas.

All regions and departments determine work ideas, work arrangements, policies and measures, and consciously benchmark against the party’s theory, line, principles and policies, and timely calibrate deviations. Not out of shape. When implementing the strategic decisions of the Party Central Committee, all regions and departments should formulate strategies according to the actual conditions of their respective regions. This is a must. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the various strategies proposed by you. Some of them may be in line with the central strategy, and some may deviate from the central strategy. Therefore, we must pay attention to summarizing the evaluation in a timely manner, and adjust it quickly if it deviates.

The fourth question: Keeping the party’s Marxist party character forever

In the course of a hundred years of struggle, the Party has led the people to achieve great achievements one after another, overcome difficulties and obstacles one after another, and is still vigorous after thousands of trials and hardships, and has won the support and support of the people. , always maintain the advanced nature and purity, continuously enhance creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness, and forever maintain the true character of a Marxist party.

From September 16 to 18, 2020, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission, inspected Hunan. On the afternoon of the 16th, Xi Jinping was in the “The Warmth of Half a Quilt” special exhibition hall in Shazhou Yao Village, Wenming Yao Township, Rucheng County, Chenzhou City, to learn about the local strengthening of grassroots party building, red tourism and red education. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi / photo

The resolution of this plenary session made a comprehensive summary of the Party’s great emphasis on managing the Party and the continuous promotion of self-revolution in the course of its century-long struggle, emphasizing the Party’s implementation and promotion of the great project of Party building during the period of the New Democratic Revolution, and insisting on the principle of ideologically building the Party. In principle, strive to build a nationwide, mass-oriented, fully consolidated Marxist political party ideologically, politically and organizationally, so that the entire party can achieve unprecedented unity and unity ideologically, politically and organizationally; Emphasize the major issues of party building under the ruling conditions, strengthen party building and consolidate party leadership from ideological, organizational, and work styles, adhere to the “two imperatives”, be highly vigilant and focus on preventing party members and cadres from corrupting and deteriorating; emphasize reform and opening up and In the new era of socialist modernization, the party insists that governing the country must first govern the party, and that party governance must be strict, create and promote a new great project of party building, and focus on solving the problems of impure thinking, work style, and organization within the party. Improve the party’s leadership and governance level, improve the ability to resist corruption and change, and resist risks, which are two historic issues, and promote the party’s governance capacity and advanced nature. , put forward the general requirements for party building in the new era, comprehensively promote the party’s political building, ideological building, organizational building, work style building, and discipline building, put system building throughout it, implement the political responsibility of governing the party and govern the party, and adhere to anti-corruption. Coverage, zero tolerance, comprehensive and strict governance of the party throughout all aspects of party building, leading the great social revolution with great self-revolution, and so on. The resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session summarizes the historical significance of the party’s century-old struggle. Article 5 is to forge the Communist Party of China that is at the forefront of the times. Summarizing the historical experience of the party’s century-old struggle, Article 10 is to insist on self-revolution, emphasizing that courage to self-revolution is the difference between the Chinese Communist Party A distinctive sign of other political parties, the spirit of self-revolution is a strong support for the party to maintain its youthful vitality. Paying attention to analyzing and summarizing the Party’s research and grasp of self-revolution in the course of its century-long struggle is an important content throughout the resolution of the plenary session. We must study it in depth and fully understand it.

Under the new historical conditions, the key to maintaining the party’s Marxist party character is to rely on our party itself. Therefore, I emphasized at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that our party has such a long history, such a large scale, and has been in power for such a long time. Comrade Mao Zedong gave the first answer in Yan’an’s cave, that is, only by letting the people supervise the government, the government will not dare to relax. After a hundred years of struggle, especially the new practice since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has given a second answer, which is self-revolution.

As I said at the celebration of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China has never represented the interests of any interest group, any powerful group, or any privileged class. The resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee reiterates this sentence. At last year’s Politburo Democratic Life Conference, I addressed this issue again, emphasizing that senior Party cadres have considerable leadership, decision-making, and command power. It is easy to go astray in politics and policies, and unknowingly or even willingly become the spokesperson of various interest groups, powerful groups, and privileged classes. The consequences are very serious! On the fundamental issue of who will govern, who will use power, and who will make profit, we must be especially clear-headed and stand firm. All comrades in the party must be virtuous, abide by public morality, and be strict with private morality, be clean and honest, do things cleanly, be self-disciplined, serve the public, cultivate self-cultivation with frugality, and always maintain the political character of integrity and integrity.

“People who are in government are not good at clearing their officials.” The key to self-revolution is to face the problem consciously and to have the courage to turn inward. Integrity, self-discipline, and anti-corruption are the ones I talk about the most, because the problem of corruption is far from being eradicated. At present, the anti-corruption struggle has won an overwhelming victory and has been consolidated in an all-round way, but there are still problems within the party such as engaging in the “seven possessions”, using power for personal gain, dealing with money and power, corruption and bribery, and oppressing the people. Therefore, I especially emphasized at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party that all comrades in the Party must always maintain the spirit of self-revolution, strengthen the political consciousness of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and never breed boredom that has been strictly in place! The construction of a clean and clean government and the fight against corruption are always on the way, and we must not relax for a moment. We must continue to fight the tough and protracted battle of building a clean and clean government and fighting against corruption with the tenacity and perseverance of grasping the iron and leaving its mark. . Here, I hit the drum again with the hammer! The attitude of the Party Central Committee is very clear. No matter who has a problem with the Party discipline and the law, the Party discipline and the law will never forgive! In particular, those who seize the interests of the country and the people, erode the party’s ruling foundation, and shake the power of the socialist state, and those who engage in political gangs, small circles, and interest groups within the party, must be resolutely and resolutely investigated and punished!

The fifth question: promote the normalization and long-term effect of party history learning and education

The resolution of this plenary session made a comprehensive summary of the Party’s emphasis on the study and education of Party history in the course of its century-long struggle, emphasizing that the whole Party must adhere to the materialist view of history and the correct view of the Party’s history, and to see clearly from the Party’s century-long struggle why we were able to succeed in the past, We must understand how we can continue to succeed in the future, so that we can more firmly and consciously implement our original mission and better adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.这是六中全会提出的一项重要政治任务，我们要继续抓好落实。

对六中全会决议，不要觉得一看就懂，其实不然。关于党的十八大之前党的历史上的重大事件、重要会议、重要人物，前两个历史决议、党的一系列重要文献都有过大量论述，都郑重作过结论，这次全会决议坚持这些基本论述和结论。同时，党的第三个历史决议也体现了我们对党的百年奋斗历史的新认识。决议注重运用党史基本著作成果和党史界学术研究成熟成果，形成了一系列重要的新论断新表述。比如，完善了第一个历史决议和第二个历史决议对新民主主义革命时期党的历史分期的表述，把党在新民主主义革命时期的四个阶段界定为“建党之初和大革命时期”、“土地革命战争时期”、“抗日战争时期”、“解放战争时期”。而第二个历史决议表述是：新民主主义革命时期党“经历了国共合作的北伐战争，土地革命战争，抗日战争和全国解放战争这四个阶段”。比如，明确将“从进攻大城市转为向农村进军”标志为“中国革命具有决定意义的新起点”。比如，结合遵义会议具体组织安排和遵义会议的重大历史意义，实事求是地评价了会议“事实上确立了毛泽东同志在党中央和红军的领导地位”，增写了“开始确立以毛泽东同志为主要代表的马克思主义正确路线在党中央的领导地位，开始形成以毛泽东同志为核心的党的第一代中央领导集体，开启了党独立自主解决中国革命实际问题新阶段”，拓展了遵义会议重大意义的概括和总结。比如，贯通“14年抗战”回顾和总结抗日战争的历史地位和历史贡献，修改了第二个历史决议关于抗日战争“八年之久”的说法，将抗日战争起点确定为1931年，以九一八事变为标志，全面回顾和总结党领导的14年抗战的历史贡献和历史意义。比如，首次在历史决议中写入“在革命斗争中，党弘扬坚持真理、坚守理想，践行初心、担当使命，不怕牺牲、英勇斗争，对党忠诚、不负人民的伟大建党精神”的观点。比如，将党的十九大报告概括的“八个明确”拓展为“十个明确”。将“中国共产党领导”列为第一个“明确”；增加了第七个“明确”：必须坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局等内容；第十个“明确”：全面从严治党的战略方针，提出新时代党的建设总要求，以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命。此外，第二个“明确”，增加了“以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴”的表述；第三个“明确”增加了“发展全过程人民民主”、“全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展”的表述。对这些新论断新表述，要深入学习领会，以利于更好认识和把握党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验。

2020年8月18日至21日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在安徽省考察。这是19日下午，习近平在合肥市参观渡江战役纪念馆，重温革命历史，缅怀革命先辈的丰功伟绩。 新华社记者鞠鹏/摄

我历来重视党史的学习教育宣传。党的十八大以来，我先后在纪念毛泽东同志诞辰120周年、邓小平同志诞辰110周年、红军长征胜利80周年、五四运动100周年、中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年、中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年等座谈会和大会上，在庆祝中国共产党成立95周年、中国人民解放军建军90周年、改革开放40周年、中华人民共和国成立70周年、中国共产党成立100周年等大会上发表讲话，就党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史学习教育宣传提出了明确要求。

2019年，我着眼于庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年这件大事，提前就加强党史总结、学习、教育、宣传进行思考和谋划，强调要引导广大党员、干部深入学习党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史，教育引导广大党员、干部永葆初心、勇担使命。2020年，我就把开展党史学习教育同庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年、召开党的十九届六中全会统筹起来进行考虑，多次提出要求。2021年2月，我在党史学习教育动员大会上发表讲话，讲了开展党史学习教育的重大意义、总体要求、目标任务，主要讲了为什么学习党史、党史学什么、怎样学党史的问题。之后，我又多次对党史总结、学习、教育、宣传提出了要求。

党的十八大以来，我到地方考察70余次，每到一个地方，我都要瞻仰对党具有重大历史意义的革命圣地、红色旧址、革命历史纪念场所，有的是专程去瞻仰革命旧址和纪念场所，主要的基本上都走到了。每到一地，我都是怀着崇敬之心，重温那一段段峥嵘岁月，回顾党一路走过的艰难历程，灵魂都受到一次震撼，精神都受到一次洗礼。我这样做的目的，就是要推动全党全国特别是广大青少年学习党史、铭记党史，勿忘昨天的苦难辉煌，无愧今天的使命担当，不负明天的伟大梦想，真正做到以史为鉴、开创未来，真正坚定历史自信。只要我们持之以恒这样做，就一定能收到明显成效。

推动全党学好党史、用好党史，靠一次集中学习教育是不够的，必须把党史学习教育融入日常、抓在经常。况且铁打的营盘流水的兵，对年轻干部的党史学习培训要不断进行下去。这次进行党史学习教育总结时，我专门作了批示，强调要认真总结这次党史学习教育的成功经验，建立常态化长效化制度机制，不断巩固拓展党史学习教育成果。全党要以学习贯彻党的十九届六中全会精神为重点，深入推进党史学习教育，进一步做到学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行，教育引导全党同志学党史、悟思想、办实事、开新局，更好用党的创新理论把全党武装起来，把党中央决策部署的各项任务落实下去。要原原本本学习全会决议，学懂弄通党百年奋斗的光辉历程，学懂弄通党坚守初心使命的执着奋斗，学懂弄通党百年奋斗的历史意义和历史经验，学懂弄通以史为鉴、开创未来的重要要求。要用好党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习制度，推动领导班子、领导干部带头学党史、经常学党史。要用好干部教育培训机制，继续把党史作为党校（行政学院）、干部学院必修课、常修课。要用好学校思政课这个渠道，推动党的历史更好进教材、进课堂、进头脑，发挥好党史立德树人的重要作用。要用好红色资源，加强革命传统教育、爱国主义教育、青少年思想道德教育，引导全社会更好知史爱党、知史爱国。要用好“我为群众办实事”实践活动形成的良好机制，推动各级党组织和广大党员、干部满腔热情为群众办实事、解难事，走好新时代党的群众路线。

※这是习近平总书记2022年1月11日在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的十九届六中全会精神专题研讨班上的讲话。