Preamble
In 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping announced to the world that China will achieve the goal of carbon peaking in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. As an efficient energy conversion technology, heat pumps will play a very important role under the low-carbon development strategy. At the same time, heat pump products are also affected by the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. In 2024, my country and some developing countries will begin to reduce and use HFC-based refrigerants. The replacement of refrigerants is an imminent and very urgent problem. Challenging questions. Mastering the core technologies of future refrigeration and heat pumps is crucial to the future of China’s refrigeration industry.
In order to implement the dual carbon goals and the Montreal Kigali Amendment, the natural working fluid heat pump (refrigeration) cycle needs to be developed to cope with the production of heat and cooling without fossil fuels. Natural working fluids are not synthetic or industrial products, but they do not destroy the ozone layer, and there is basically no greenhouse effect. It includes CO 2 , water, air, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and the like.
As a natural working fluid, CO 2 has very good properties and is a potential alternative environmental friendly working fluid. As a renewable energy technology, heat pump has broad market prospects. The combination of CO 2 working medium and heat pump technology is more in line with the concept of environmental protection. Under the background of the two -carbon strategy, the CO2 transcritical cycle heat pump has great potential to promote the utilization and conversion of energy.
The research on CO 2 transcritical cycle has been developed in China for more than 30 years, but there are still some deficiencies in the CO 2 critical cycle system, which hinder its wide application. The good news is that some companies have already started the commercialization of CO 2 refrigeration and heat pumps, and they have been applied in some fields, especially the ice rink with CO 2 transcritical cycle refrigeration and the demonstration of heat pump thermal energy utilization in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. , excellently promotes the CO2 working fluid. According to the current deficiencies, China’s refrigeration enterprises need to develop CO 2 transcritical cycle heat pump products with independent intellectual property rights, form an industrial chain of a certain scale, and gradually realize the localization of CO 2 refrigeration heat pump products.
In addition, my country uses lithium bromide absorption heat pumps in chemical, food, textile, paper, sugar and domestic heating to recover the waste heat of the condenser of the power plant, and use the low-temperature water of the steam turbine to heat it to a usable temperature. is the absorbent and water is the refrigerant. There are also compression water vapor heat pumps, which directly use turbine or axial compressors in industrial steam systems to compress exhaust steam into high-pressure steam. It uses renewable energy from the power grid and is an important part of industrial steam systems in the carbon neutral era in the future. only direction. Both ammonia and hydrocarbons can be used as the working fluid of the heat pump according to local conditions.
China Energy Conservation Association Heat Pump Professional Committee has done a lot of work to promote the application of heat pump technology in recent years, and has done a good promotion to show the carbon neutrality of heat pump technology to all sectors of society. The association also pays special attention to the application of CO 2 heat pump technology. This white paper introduces the development and potential of CO 2 heat pump technology in detail, as well as the current status, development and application cases of related products currently produced by enterprises, which plays a good role in publicity and promotion. recommendation effect. The participating units also try to collect the heat pump information of water, ammonia, and periodic R32. We hope that more companies and R&D will pay attention to and join this field to promote the growth of the CO 2 heat pump industry.
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