foreword
At present, with the new generation of information technology such as 5G, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, etc., the integration of information technology and traditional industries is accelerating, and the digital economy is booming. As a physical carrier for the operation of information systems in various industries, data centers have become an economic The critical infrastructure that is indispensable to the operation of society plays a vital role in the development of the digital economy.
“Accelerating the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G networks and data centers” is the spirit of an important instruction put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping. In order to effectively implement the national strategic deployment, guide the construction of new data centers, and implement the specific requirements of the “Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of New Data Centers (2021-2023)” for the stabilization and enhancement of the industrial chain, this report focuses on the supply of new data centers. Upstream links such as power distribution, refrigeration, IT and network equipment, management and software, as well as major players in the midstream and downstream of the industry, comprehensively sort out and in-depth analysis of the industry chain composition, market status, industry competition and cooperation, and hot technology products in subdivided fields As well as future development trends, we strive to depict the data center industry map in a multi-dimensional and three-dimensional manner.
This report believes that in the next step, in the continued forging of long plates, we should continue to cultivate and develop power supply and distribution, intelligent systems and other links with first-mover advantages; in terms of making up for shortcomings and weaknesses, we should increase our autonomy through application traction. Research and development, promote the innovation and development of key links such as IT and network equipment, cooling and cooling, promote the continuous improvement of the industrial chain, and enhance the overall competitive advantage of the industrial chain. As the entire data center industry chain is long and involves a wide range of areas, omissions in the content of the report are inevitable, and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.
Overall map of the data center industry
Data centers are a new type of technology-intensive infrastructure. From the perspective of science and technology, cloud computing and other upper-level technologies have put forward higher requirements for IT equipment and networks in data centers. It has emerged as the times require and has become a new hotspot of technology and a new direction of research and development; from the perspective of infrastructure, a data center is a facility that includes “wind, fire, and hydropower”. The evolution and innovation of ICT equipment has forced the accelerated transformation of infrastructure. New technologies and new products such as liquid cooling, 10kV direct-to-240VDC (or 336VDC) power supply, and modular prefabrication have been partially applied to large-scale Internet enterprise data centers.
The national “14th Five-Year Plan” outline has put forward guidelines for the construction of new infrastructure in terms of modernization, digitization and greening. The coordinated development of chemistry puts forward higher requirements. In this context, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology proposed to accelerate the evolution of traditional data centers to new data centers with high technology, high computing power, high energy efficiency, and high security features. A new type of data center refers to supporting the digital transformation of the economy and society, intelligent upgrading, and integration and innovation as the guide, with 5G, industrial Internet, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other application requirements as the traction, gathering multiple data resources, using green and low-carbon technologies, and providing security A new type of infrastructure with reliable capabilities, efficient computing services, and enabling applications in thousands of industries will effectively support the digital transformation of various fields in the future and provide new momentum for high-quality economic and social development.
The data center is the center of data storage and computing, and the core area of the communication network. According to the “Guidelines for Data Center Application Development (2020)”, 55.5% of data centers are connected to the backbone network. The data center is connected to the core network mainly because of the customer’s demand for bandwidth and speed, and the nodes are also distributed in the core cities of my country, and a large amount of data is aggregated from the cities and base stations to the data center for processing, storage and transmission. The gradual development of users’ habit of using traffic and the high requirements for network speed promote the rapid growth of network traffic, thereby driving the rapid development of data centers.
The data center is the underlying core infrastructure of the cloud industry, with heavy asset investment and high location sensitivity. Data center costs include investment costs and operating costs, with high initial one-time capital expenditures. In the capital investment, most of the funds are used to purchase IT equipment, including high-value software and hardware facilities such as servers, data storage equipment, and bandwidth resources. The capital demand for data center construction is high. At the same time, geographic location is the key to industry competition, and it is also closely related to the quality and cost of services it provides. Affected by the uneven distribution of customers, and in order to meet the requirements of major customers for low latency and high reliability, data center companies have deployed large-scale first-tier cities. Data from the China Data Center Big Platform shows that data centers in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou account for about 26% of the national share. The data center industry belt in the first-tier cities is gradually formed, such as the IDC cluster around Beijing composed of Zhangbei, Langfang, Huailai, and Yanjiao in the northern region; the data center cluster around Shanghai composed of Kunshan, Nantong, Nanjing, and Yangzhou in the East China region. my country’s second- and third-tier cities have relatively low energy prices, which can effectively reduce the cost of IDC construction and operation.
The data center industry has a wide range, wide field, and long chain, attracting many players to flock to it. As an industry with heavy capital investment, data center has the characteristics of large initial investment and long return period. The leading companies have been able to build industry barriers due to their advantages in financing capabilities, energy consumption index acquisition, and major customer partnerships.
In such a long industrial chain, each link has enterprises specializing in technology, and each enterprise gradually penetrates into the data center industrial chain and expands its business scope with its own core advantages as the starting point, and actively builds an ecosystem. The data center industry mainly includes upstream equipment, facilities and software suppliers, midstream IDC builders and service providers, and downstream application customers in various industries. Select companies with strong representation in each link to form the following map.
The upstream of the industry is mainly to provide the necessary infrastructure or conditions for the construction of data centers, in which equipment manufacturers provide infrastructure and ICT equipment, which are the underlying infrastructure (power supply and distribution systems, cooling and cooling systems, etc.) and IT and network equipment (switches). , servers, storage), while software service providers provide data center management systems (dynamic environment monitoring systems, data center infrastructure management systems, etc.). In addition, the upstream of the industry also includes civil construction parties and network operators. The civil construction parties are responsible for the construction of buildings, and the operators provide network services such as network access and computer room node rental.
The midstream of the industry is mainly service providers, including telecom operators, third-party neutral IDC service providers, cloud computing vendors, and new entrants from various industries. The integration of upstream resources in the midstream and the construction of efficient and stable data centers is the core role of the data center industry.
The downstream industries are mainly users of data centers, mainly cloud computing companies, Internet companies and other industry users (including: financial institutions, governments, power companies, etc.). Cloud computing vendors mainly obtain revenue by providing customers with flexible resource allocation and scheduling services through virtualized resources, while other companies provide technical services for their own businesses by deploying managed server clusters or renting servers in data centers.
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