At present, China’s new material industry is facing problems such as uneven advanced basic materials, key strategic materials being controlled by others, and breakthroughs in cutting-edge new material technologies, which make it difficult to provide solid support for the strategy of manufacturing a strong country. How to accurately design the new material innovation breakthrough path and policy support system has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently in China.
On the basis of learning from the innovation and development experience of global material powers, this paper discusses the current situation and problems of China’s advanced basic materials, key strategic materials and cutting-edge new material industries, designs a breakthrough path for China’s new material technology innovation, and further proposes policy safeguards. In order to provide support for the realization of the strategy of manufacturing a strong country.
“A generation of materials, a generation of devices, a generation of equipment” , new materials have a foundation and a leading role in the development of emerging industries, and play an important role in supporting and guaranteeing the national economy and the construction of national defense and military industries. New materials are basic and comprehensive industries, which can be divided into advanced basic materials, key strategic materials and cutting-edge new materials and other sub-categories with different attributes and characteristics.
International experience
As the world’s leading new material powers, the United States , the European Union and Japan , their successful practical experience models have important reference significance for China’s new material innovation breakthroughs.
The United States mainly promotes innovation and breakthroughs in new materials by building a national laboratory system, promoting technological changes in material research and development, and implementing military-civilian integration strategies.
The EU mainly achieves innovative breakthroughs in new materials through the formulation of strategic development plans for new materials, the centralized allocation of innovative resources, and the establishment of regional intermediary organizations.
Japan mainly adopts the trend forecast of new material technology and creates an integrated model of R&D and application of “government-industry-academic” to promote innovative breakthroughs in new materials.
Domestic current situation and existing problems
This paper divides new materials into advanced basic materials, key strategic materials and frontier new materials, and discusses the current status and existing problems of China’s new material innovation breakthroughs.
Status Quo of Innovation and Development of China’s New Materials Industry
Advanced basic materials are necessary materials for the upgrading and development of basic industries, with a wide range of market demands and the characteristics of “one material for multiple purposes”. Its technical process, production scale and application level are important indicators to measure the national industrial base.
China’s advanced basic materials such as textile advanced materials, special steel materials, and non-ferrous metal materials are generally in a dominant position, with the output and scale basically reaching the world’s leading level, and the R&D, production and application technologies of some advanced basic materials have reached or approached the international level.
Key strategic materials are key support materials required by major national projects and strategic emerging industries, and have the characteristics of high value and key application fields.
China’s rare earth functional materials, biomedical materials and new display materials have developed rapidly and have certain market competitive advantages.
China’s key strategic materials industry chain system is complete, the development trend of industrial clusters is obvious, innovation is progressing rapidly, technical capabilities are steadily improved, and the trend of localization is obvious.
Cutting-edge new materials are new materials that lead the future development of advanced manufacturing and need to be deployed in advance, and have technological characteristics such as pioneering and subversive.
China already has a certain leading position in the fields of cutting-edge new materials such as graphene materials, additive manufacturing materials, and extreme environmental materials.
Taking graphene materials as an example, among the top ten high-quality patents, China has 4 high-quality patents, mainly in the fields of nanotechnology and nanofilm technology.
Problems existing in the innovation and development of new materials in China
China’s advanced basic materials have problems such as overcapacity at the low end, insufficient supply at the high end, and “the material is not easy to use”.
The reasons include: few world-class brands, serious competition at low prices and homogeneity of products; the urgent need to improve the production stability of high-quality products; lag in the construction of technological innovation platforms, service platforms and related databases.
The phenomenon that China’s key strategic materials are under the control of others is prominent, the security issues of the industrial chain and supply chain have not been solved, and they are faced with the dilemma of “no material available, but one dare not use it”.
The reasons include: China has not yet mastered the basic core patents; the innovation and development of key strategic materials has the characteristics of long cycle and high capital density, and related domestic enterprises are under great pressure for operation and development, tend to compete at low prices, and are locked in the middle and low end of the value chain; The containment and suppression of China’s key strategic materials by developed countries, etc.
China’s cutting-edge new materials face the risk of falling behind in technology, “no material available”, and missing the window of technological revolution.
The reasons include: the basic ability of China’s cutting-edge new material technology innovation is weak, and the core ability is in the “follow-up” stage; the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements is low, the technological innovation of cutting-edge new materials is mainly dominated by scientific research institutes, and enterprises are less involved; scientific research resources are scattered And repeat the construction and so on.
The path of domestic innovation and breakthrough
The general idea of China’s new material innovation breakthrough path design is to face the national manufacturing power strategy, based on the development trend and industrial foundation of the new material industry, with the improvement of independent innovation capability as the core, to break through a batch of “stuck neck” key new materials, seize a The batch high-point material technology is the focus.
“Competitiveness Improvement” Path Design of Advanced Basic Materials
The first is to promote advanced basic materials enterprises to climb to the middle and high end of the value chain and enhance their value acquisition capabilities.
Encourage advanced basic materials enterprises to intervene in the upstream links of the industrial chain, guide enterprises to increase investment in the downstream links of the industrial chain, enhance their technology research and development and operation management capabilities, and occupy high value-added links in the value chain.
Promote leading enterprises to actively embed in the international innovation cooperation network, establish a “global pipeline – knowledge acquisition – local spillover” mechanism, and carry out localized translation, localized diffusion and localized transformation of cutting-edge knowledge.
Support small, medium and micro enterprises to take the road of “specialization, specialization and innovation”, encourage the establishment of cooperative R&D models with downstream complete machine enterprises, give full play to the comparative advantages of complete machine enterprises’ information and knowledge, promote the flow of knowledge in the industrial chain and supply chain and complement each other’s advantages, and improve the advanced foundation The technological innovation efficiency of material enterprises and the ability to achieve technological innovation catch up, and enhance the ability to obtain value.
The second is to cultivate internationally renowned brands of advanced basic materials and global operation capabilities to enhance international competitiveness.
Increase the policy support of the advanced basic materials industry chain to extend the chain and supplement the chain, and promote the diversified layout of powerful material enterprises to achieve pedigree development; support material enterprise brand creation activities, and promote advanced basic materials enterprises Brand maker shift.
Encourage material enterprises to “go global”, integrate global resources, gradually accumulate global management experience, and improve global operational capabilities; support material enterprises to carry out international cooperation and negotiation, gradually become core participants in the rules of a certain field, and promote enterprises to the global value chain network The central position has jumped, and it has mastered the dominance of international rules.
“Autonomous and controllable” path design for key strategic materials
The first is to improve the innovation ecology and promote technological breakthroughs in key strategic materials.
Build and improve the innovation ecosystem of “mainframe enterprise traction + material enterprise agglomeration”, establish a collaborative innovation mechanism for main equipment, and promote the transformation of mainframe enterprises and material enterprises to a joint R&D model.
Cultivate and strengthen industrial organizers, give full play to their advantages in resource integration and factor allocation, gather multiple subjects, strengthen the coupling of industrial chains and innovation chains, and form an “innovation consortium” of key strategic materials.
Establish a new national system guided by the government, use the national strategic scientific and technological strength and market power to build a national innovation system, implement major scientific and technological research plans, implement the system and mechanism of “revelation and leadership”, and promote innovation and breakthroughs in key strategic materials.
In particular, it is necessary to organize key strategic material and equipment production enterprises and material production enterprises to carry out joint research, accelerate the development of advanced technology and special core equipment, and realize the supporting guarantee of key technology and equipment for material production.
The second is to improve the application ecology and promote the localization and substitution of key strategic materials.
Formulate mandatory standards for key strategic materials, implement a qualification licensing system for key strategic materials, and make dynamic adjustments to force material companies and other entities to improve the performance and material readiness of key strategic materials.
Carry out pilot demonstrations of key strategic materials, encourage intermediary organizations to carry out docking activities between key strategic material manufacturers and application providers, and publicize the superiority and reliability of domestic key strategic materials.
Formulate a list of localization alternatives for key strategic materials, and apply subsidies to the materials in the list.
Enterprises are encouraged to take the lead on domestic key strategic materials, and strengthen the implementation of the insurance system for the first batch of key strategic materials.
Cutting-edge new material “preemptive card position” path design
The first is to build an open technological innovation system to enhance the original innovation capability of cutting-edge new materials.
Universities, research institutions and leading enterprises are encouraged to jointly build basic research platforms for cutting-edge new materials, and conduct research on basic scientific knowledge of cutting-edge new materials and common industrial technologies.
Encourage local governments to increase investment in basic research on cutting-edge new materials, support local governments to actively introduce cutting-edge new materials global multinational companies, R&D centers with global influence, and provide land, funds, talents and other support.
Encourage domestic leading enterprises of cutting-edge new materials and large-scale R&D centers to conduct global layout, and actively introduce overseas cutting-edge new materials strategic scientists.
The second is to strengthen the construction of cutting-edge new material application standards and improve the conversion rate of technological achievements.
Encourage cutting-edge new material companies to select specific market segments for commercial application and create minimum viable products.
Strengthen the formulation of industry application standards for cutting-edge new materials, encourage scientific research institutes and leading enterprises to expand the industry standards in the region into national standards and international standards, lock in the technological track of cutting-edge new materials industry, and occupy a leading position in the world.
Policies and Safeguards
Improve the new material industry innovation ecosystem
One is to strengthen the construction of new material industry chain. Explore the implementation of the new material industry chain long chain system, systematically promote the new material industry chain chain building, chain supplementation, chain consolidation and other projects, open up the new material industry chain breakpoints and blocking points, and improve the modernization level of the new material industry chain.
The second is to strengthen the construction of new material innovation chain. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, encourage the establishment of new R&D institutions in the new material industry, support the establishment of new material technology innovation alliances and the establishment of major national special projects for new materials, and promote the improvement of the original innovation capabilities of the new material industry.
The third is to strengthen the construction of new material industry service chain. Promote the implementation of scientific and technological innovation service chain investigations, comprehensively understand the construction status of various scientific and technological service institutions in the new material industry, identify breakpoints, stuck points, blocking points and weak links in the scientific and technological innovation service chain, and provide special support.
Strengthen the direction of innovation in the new material industry
The first is to strengthen the prediction of new material innovation. With the Ministry of Science and Technology as the lead unit, set up a new material technology foresight guidance organization, regularly carry out strategic research and publish the technology list, roadmap and timetable for new material technological innovation breakthroughs.
The second is to build and improve the safety early warning mechanism for new materials. Support the research and development of new material safety early warning and monitoring platforms, sort out the advantageous areas of new materials and areas where they are stuck, establish a list of collaborative innovation between machine companies and material companies, and a list of industry-university-research innovation cooperation to improve accurate analysis and hierarchical management capabilities.
The third is to formulate the new material industry competitiveness index and continue to follow up the investigation. Establish a new material industry development evaluation system, build a new material industry development model, formulate an industry evaluation system, and regularly formulate and release a new material development index.
Building new innovative infrastructure for the new material industry
The first is to strengthen the construction of innovation platforms. Support leading enterprises in the industry to integrate upstream and downstream innovation resources, lead the establishment of new material genome laboratories, new material gene technology research platforms, and new material innovation consortia, build national manufacturing innovation centers, new material technology innovation centers and engineering research centers, and improve the industry Basic engineering technology innovation and industrial application capabilities.
The second is to build a new material industry knowledge service system. Use special funds to guide institutions to build new material branch libraries or demonstration areas, collect and organize new material data resources, and build an industry knowledge service system.
The third is to improve the infrastructure for testing, characterization and evaluation of new materials. Encourage the establishment of a new material testing and evaluation system and the establishment of a national-level new material testing and evaluation platform to provide new material testing and evaluation services for small and medium-sized enterprises.
The fourth is to establish a standard supply system for new materials. Formulate a pilot action plan for new material standards, encourage new material industry associations, new R&D institutions, and new material leading enterprises to actively participate in the formulation of industrial standards, establish a standard system that supports the high-quality development of the new material industry, and increase the effective supply of new material standards.
Build a sustainable innovation guarantee system
One is to establish a multi-level talent introduction and training system. Establish a list of technical talent needs for new materials “stuck neck”, and introduce high-level talents and teams at home and abroad; encourage scientific research institutes to open new material-related majors and increase technical talent training; support Chinese vocational colleges to build talent skills training bases , cultivating skilled talents in the new material industry.
The second is to encourage the exchange of new material talents. Support domestic scientists and overseas scientists to carry out innovative cooperative research on new materials; support domestic and powerful regions to actively hold international conferences to attract global high-quality resources to gather locally; encourage new materials research institutes and enterprises to actively go overseas to learn advanced foreign technologies Knowledge.
The third is to promote the sharing and sharing of public data of new materials. Build public databases and data clouds for new materials, and encourage scientific research institutes and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in sharing and sharing basic research data.
About the author: Wang Chang, School of Business, Central South University, professor, research direction is innovation strategy and policy; Geng Hongjun (corresponding author), Business School of Central South University, doctoral student, research direction is innovation policy.
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