Whether it is a “Shiren” or a “human” who will be appointed by the sky has become popular on social media.
The “Shiren” faction seems to have an absolute numerical advantage, but the People’s Education Publishing House said: “It’s a man” in the editions of all textbooks.
This disparity ratio… | Source: [email protected]
According to the information summarized by netizens at present, we can find that the most authoritative and widely used textbooks are “people”, but in some provincial textbooks and popular culture, it is “Shiren” .
“Siren” is a misuse, but it is widely used, instead it creates the illusion that “when you teach classical Chinese in a Chinese class, you learn from Siren”.
Such collective memory errors are not uncommon in everyday life.
The Mandela effect, or the fifty-six flower effect
Just like Mencius said: “A person is not a sage and a sage, and whoever is capable is without fault”, our memory will always be wrong .
Before the “Shiren-Is-Human” controversy, there were many similar discussions. The most classic is undoubtedly whether ” Fifty-six ethnic groups, fifty-six flowers ” or ” fifty -six nationalities” in “Love My China” Six constellations, fifty-six flowers “.
What a constellation! Source: Xinba.com
Others include whether the word “tool” is two-horizontal or three-horizontal :
Was the horror TV series I watched when I was a child called “An Embroidered Shoe” or “A Pair of Embroidered Shoes” ?
A red embroidered shoe lit by cold light alone,
It should be the impression of childhood shadows! Source: Douban Group @Mandela Effect
Is the last sentence in Mulan’s poem “An Neng distinguishes whether I am male or female” or “An Neng distinguishes whether I am male and female” ?
In the 86 version of Journey to the West, did Che Chi Kingdom’s Yang Li Daxian put any oil in the pan?
This phenomenon of collective memory confusion, known as the ” Mandela effect “, is caused by the fact that many people in the United States find themselves remembering that former South African President Mandela died in prison as early as the 1980s, but it is true The Mandela of the world did not die until 2013.
This effect is attached to the unique symbols in each culture, so it is difficult for people who are not familiar with the local culture and have not experienced the relevant events to understand what people in other cultural circles are talking about .
For example, few people abroad have studied Mencius,
Naturally, it cannot be substituted into our dispute over “Shiren” and “Is a person”
The Chinese are not so familiar with Mandela, so we don’t have the same obsession with “Mandela” as foreigners do. We even have to open a website to record and hold various offline activities to talk about the “Mandela” we encountered. Della effect” .
Before the epidemic, there were also offline meetings of the Mandela effect…
Source: “John Wilson’s How To Do One Hundred Thousand” S1E3
But just like the series of examples cited above, it is not uncommon for a group of people in China to have the same generalized “Mandela effect” with memory errors. The explanations in popular culture are more mysterious, and most of them have to do with time and space travel or parallel worlds .
In various time-space-themed works, there are often episodes in which reality is sifted through time and space, and then the laws of time and space forcefully correct reality, resulting in human collective memory confusion, which is very similar to the Mandela effect.
There is a male protagonist who travels through time and space in Shacun Guangming’s “Military Biography”
The plot that led to his own biography being “corrected”
The other is the hypothesis of multiverse collision , similar to the intersection of the celestial spheres in the world view of The Witcher, the collision of worlds of different dimensions makes creatures from other worlds trapped in this world and become anomalies.
Then the worlds in the parallel universe collide, the memories of other worlds are also trapped in the minds of some people in this world , and the reality is distorted in this way. This can also explain the current phenomenon!
It’s not me, it’s the world
These explanations are really interesting! Although there is no scientific basis…
What does the scientific explanation look like? Pretty boring:
Not so much fantasies, just misremembering. Humans are inherently misunderstood creatures.
I also find this explanation boring, but the reality is that it’s boring…
How easily memory can be tampered with – Theory
Memory is unreliable. The human memory system is not a camera that faithfully records all the experiences of the owner , but a library that is chaotic in storage and out of storage, lacks management, and sometimes gets stuffed into some strange fragments.
If we just observe emotions and brain activity, there is almost no difference between real memory and false memory [1,2]. Before seeing the evidence, the false memory in our subjective consciousness is equivalent to what we actually experienced.
So when reality reminds you that you are wrong, you will be shocked and even difficult to accept.
He actually believed in something that was completely false. This feeling of “the memory betrays oneself and goes against the real world” can make people very uncomfortable, and even make people secretly doubt whether this is a manifestation of mental illness .
Therefore, people are more willing to accept explanations such as “parallel universe”, “time and space travel”, etc., so that they have never made a mistake , and it will be more reassuring.
But is it scary that memory goes wrong? It’s not as scary as I thought, because it’s too easy to have false memories .
In particular, the phenomena related to the Mandela effect are almost all about details , time, LOGO, names of people, drama names… The level of detail is comparable to that of Party A. Humans are not good at remembering details.
The one on the left is right: Coca-Cola’s logo has a dot in the middle | Source: pinterest
On the other hand, the Mandela effect related to autobiographical memory in the form of ” I have experienced these things! ” can be explained by the study of “creating false memories”.
Don’t think “it’s your own business”, you can definitely remember it clearly. In fact, human beings are not only prone to misremember what happened to themselves, but are even prone to be implanted with completely fictitious memories.
In psychological research, an experimental procedure called the familial-informant false-narrative paradigm can induce false memories and even allow subjects to admit that they have committed illegal acts [3].
In this paradigm, subjects participate in multiple interviews and agree to researchers asking their relatives for details about their past. In the false criminal memory group, subjects were told that their relatives said they had committed assault or theft.
Throughout the experiment, the researchers used a number of strategies that have been widely validated to ensure the induction of false memories, including:
• Tell obvious, unquestionable false evidence , eg: “Your parents say you stole something”
• Create social pressure , eg: “Most people can retrieve lost memories if they try hard enough”;
• Guide subjects to imagine the scene when the event occurred;
• Build rapport with the subjects, such as chatting with the subjects cordially when entering the laboratory;
• Use motivating gestures or language such as nodding, smiling, and “nice”;
• Use pauses and silences to prompt participants to speak;
• Disappointment when participants said they could not recall false memories;
After going through such a process, 70% believed they had committed a crime and provided details of more than 10 incidents (even if they didn’t actually do anything illegal).
More than 70 percent of those who were led to believe they had committed an assault were able to provide information on meeting with the police, recalling an average of 12 police-related details (even though they may have never been to a police station).
Another study showed that preconceived fake news can also create false memories [4].
The researchers recruited 3,140 subjects, presented them with six pieces of news, two of which were completely fabricated fake news, and then invited the subjects to identify the fake news among them.
It was found that nearly half of the participants believed that they had seen at least one piece of fake news before , and were more likely to “recall” negative news about those who disagreed with them , and some participants even said the fake news. Details not included.
Even with a clear warning that some of the news is indeed fake, the proportion of subjects whose false memories were created by fake news was still higher than the researchers expected.
How similar is the Mandela effect to this fake news: when we are led astray by preconceived notions, all kinds of outrageous memories can be created.
How easy is memory to be tampered with – in practice
If you are still skeptical about these studies, you can swipe up (Apple users, please down), back to the beginning of the first part of this article, there is a sentence:
“Just like Mencius said: ‘A person is not a sage, and whoever can do it without fault'”.
In fact, Mencius never said this.
The source of this sentence is “No one is wrong” said by Sergeant Ji in “Zuo Zhuan·Xuangong Two Years”
When you read it, do you feel that something is wrong, you know that this sentence is not from Mencius, or do you think there is nothing wrong with it, and you read the article directly and smoothly?
If you feel that this sentence is very smooth when you read the article, and I do not deliberately correct it here, then the connection between Mencius and this sentence will be “remembered” by you, silently dormant in the corner of your memory.
In the future, you may be confused, and feel that you have always remembered that the phrase “people are not sages, who can have no faults” is what Mencius said, right?
Human memory and feelings are so easily tampered with. If you keep more of the original records, pay more attention to the pitfalls of language and memory, pay more attention to details and verify more, then you will…
Forget about friends, you can’t do it all the time. Let’s be honest, my memory is prone to errors and can be easily modified .
references
[1] Johnson, MK (2006). Memory and reality. American Psychologist, 61(8), 760.
[2] Stark, CE, Okado, Y., & Loftus, EF (2010). Imaging the reconstruction of true and false memories using sensory reactivation and the misinformation paradigms. Learning & Memory, 17(10), 485-488.
[3] Shaw, J., & Porter, S. (2015). Constructing rich false memories of committing crime. Psychological science, 26(3), 291-301.
[4] Murphy, G., Loftus, EF, Grady, RH, Levine, LJ, & Greene, CM (2019). False memories for fake news during Ireland’s abortion referendum. Psychological science, 30(10), 1449-1459.
Author: Su Qinian
Editor: You Shiyou, Odette
an AI
Could Shiji be quoting what Mencius said?
The sentence patterns of “people who have no faults” and “people are not sages” are also very different?
Is this really the source?
Do you want to check the data to confirm?
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