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This week, the Beijing Old National Exhibition is conducting a hydrogen energy exhibition. Hydrogen energy, as one of the hottest green energy sources at present, has a high fever. The following are some hydrogen energy literacy information found on the Internet, including the characteristics of hydrogen energy, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and the use of hydrogen energy.

1. Characteristics of hydrogen energy

Hydrogen energy is a very clean energy source, its only emission is water, it does not produce pollutants such as carbon dioxide, and has minimal impact on environmental pollution. Compared with fossil energy such as petroleum and coal, hydrogen energy has obvious advantages in terms of renewability and environmental protection. In addition, hydrogen energy has a very high energy density, is light in weight, and is easy to transport, which can be an important substitute for future energy sources.

1. Environmental protection

The biggest advantage of hydrogen energy is its environmental protection. Combusting hydrogen will only produce water without any harmful gases and pollutants, so it will not cause any pollution to the environment. In contrast, the combustion of fossil energy releases a large amount of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfide, and nitrogen oxides, which are one of the main causes of global warming and air pollution.

2. Renewability

Hydrogen is a renewable energy that can be produced by utilizing natural energy such as solar energy, water energy, and wind energy. In contrast, fossil energy is a finite resource that is gradually depleted over time, and its use can have serious environmental impacts.

3. High energy density

The energy density of hydrogen is very high, several times or even dozens of times that of fossil energy such as petroleum and coal. This means that less hydrogen can be used to generate the same amount of energy, reducing storage and transport costs while also taking up less space.

4. Light weight, easy to transport

Hydrogen is a light-weight, small-volume gas that can be transported through pipelines, gas tanks, storage tanks, etc. In contrast, fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal are relatively heavy, occupy a relatively large space, and have high transportation costs.

2. Hydrogen production

Hydrogen production is the basis of hydrogen energy. At present, there are mainly the following methods:

1. Water electrolysis

Water electrolysis is currently one of the most commonly used hydrogen production methods. The method uses electrical energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and is a very clean way to produce hydrogen. This method can be realized by electricity generated from renewable energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, so it is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable hydrogen production methods. However, the energy cost of this method is relatively high, and a large amount of electric power is required for support.

2. Natural gas reforming method

The natural gas reforming method is a method of using hydrocarbons such as natural gas to react with water vapor at high temperature to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The method has the advantages of high production efficiency and low cost, and can prepare hydrogen from fossil energy such as natural gas. However, this method will generate a large amount of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, so its environmental impact is relatively large.

3. Biomass fermentation method

Biomass fermentation is a method of using organic matter in biomass to produce hydrogen under the action of microorganisms. The method has the advantages of low production cost and no pollutants, and can use renewable resources such as waste and biomass to prepare hydrogen. However, it is less efficient and requires a large amount of biomass as a feedstock.

4. Photolysis

Photolysis is the use of light energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This method can be realized using renewable energy sources such as solar energy, so it is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable hydrogen production methods. However, this method is inefficient and requires a long reaction time and a large amount of light energy to support it.

3. Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen storage is to store the produced hydrogen for easy use. At present, there are mainly the following hydrogen storage methods:

1. Compressed hydrogen storage method

The compressed hydrogen storage method is a method of compressing hydrogen to a high-pressure state and storing it in a gas bottle. The method has the advantages of high storage efficiency and low use cost, and can store hydrogen and transport it conveniently. However, higher pressure and sealing performance are required.

2. Liquefied hydrogen storage method

The liquefied hydrogen storage method is a method of cooling hydrogen gas to an extremely low temperature to make it into a liquid state and storing it in a liquid hydrogen tank. This method has the advantages of high storage efficiency and small footprint, and can store hydrogen at a higher density and transport it conveniently. However, very low temperatures are required and refrigeration costs are high.

3. Adsorption hydrogen storage method

The adsorption hydrogen storage method is a method in which hydrogen is adsorbed on the surface of a special material and stored in the adsorption material. This method has the advantages of high storage efficiency and small footprint, and can store hydrogen at a higher density and transport it conveniently. However, suitable adsorption materials need to be selected, and the rate of adsorption and release of hydrogen gas is relatively slow.

4. Utilization of hydrogen energy

Hydrogen energy can be widely used in transportation, industry, household and other fields. At present, there are mainly the following utilization methods:

1. Fuel cell vehicles

Fuel cell vehicles are a new type of transportation that uses hydrogen as fuel to generate electricity to drive vehicles. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, fuel cell vehicles can achieve zero emissions, and have the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, and low noise. At present, fuel cell vehicles have been commercialized in some countries and regions. Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen as fuel, and the fuel cells react hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, which drives the electric motor to drive the car. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, fuel cell vehicles emit only water and do not produce any pollutants, so they have very good environmental performance.

2. Fuel cell power generation

Fuel cell power generation is a power generation method that uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity. Compared with traditional thermal power generation, fuel cell power generation can achieve zero emissions and high efficiency, and is suitable for some small and decentralized energy supply scenarios. The fuel cell power generation system consists of a fuel cell, an air compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen storage tank, a controller and an output load. The fuel cell reacts hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, which is output to the load end. Because its discharge is only water, it is widely used in indoor power supply, emergency power supply and other fields.

3. Industrial hydrogen

Hydrogen has a wide range of applications in the industrial field, and can be used for metal welding, ammonia synthesis, and fertilizer production. Compared with traditional industrial gases, hydrogen has the advantages of being clean, efficient and safe. In metal processing, mining, chemical industry and other fields, hydrogen has become an indispensable important industrial gas. Hydrogen is widely used in metal processing, electronics, chemistry and other fields, and has become an important support for high-tech industries.

4. Home hydrogen

Hydrogen can be used as a household energy source for cooking, heating and more. Compared with traditional domestic gas, hydrogen can achieve zero emission, environmental protection, safety and other advantages. In addition, hydrogen can also be applied to solar photovoltaic systems, through the use of solar energy to generate hydrogen, and then use fuel cells to generate electricity to achieve self-sufficiency in clean energy. In the future, household hydrogen can become an important part of the smart home system, providing clean, safe and efficient energy for the family.

In general, hydrogen energy, as a new type of clean energy, has broad application prospects. However, there are still some technical and economic challenges in hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, transportation and other aspects of hydrogen energy, which require continuous research and development. Policy support, technological progress and market demand will become the main driving force for the development of hydrogen energy. With the continuous advancement of policy support and technological progress around the world, hydrogen energy will become an important part of future energy, making positive contributions to promoting economic development, improving the environment and promoting sustainable development.

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