*This article is a shortlisted entry for the sixth anniversary of the Youyan Society.
Jingzhou was a very important place in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cao Cao pacified the north, the first stop in the south was Jingzhou. Jiangdong Group also regarded Jingzhou as the most important expansion direction, and Zhuge Liang called it “the country of military use” in “Longzhong Duo”. Jingzhou was the center of the southern region at that time, and it was a must for heroes to compete in the world.
On the eve of the three-point world, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan were all aware of the significance of capturing Jingzhou, but after changing hands several times, Liu Bei took it empty-handed, leaving behind the story of “borrowing Jingzhou”. What kind of tricky diplomacy did Liu Bei use, and is it worth returning this thing after borrowing it?
The development and ownership of Jingzhou begins with its first owner, Liu Biao.
Liu Biao has always been regarded as a negative teaching material in history and novels, especially Cao Cao who always brought Liu Biao out and ridiculed him. What a false name, the thief of self-defense, Liu Jingsheng’s son Ruo Huanhui, did not look at Liu Biao with the right eyes at all.
So what kind of person is Liu Biao? In fact, Liu Biao’s appearance is still very amazing. In the first month of 190, heroes from all over the country jointly attacked Dong Zhuo. Sun Jian, the prefect of Changsha, who was Yuan Shu’s subordinate at the time, killed Wang Rui, the prefect of Jingzhou, who had never been at peace on his way north to reconcile with Yuan Shu. Liu Biao was appointed by the court as the next governor of Jingzhou. But at that time, the ground in Jingzhou was a mess, Yuan Shu occupied Jingbei and Nanyang, Jingnan sect thieves were rampant, and there were incidents of impersonating the prefect. The court’s control of Jingzhou was actually a piece of paper. Liu Biao couldn’t take office normally, so he pretended to be anonymous, rode into Jing alone, united with the local nobility, killed Sun Jian, defeated Yuan Shu, wooed Zhang Xiu, and controlled the Jingbei area. A year later, Liu Biao quelled the rebellion in Jingnan and completely controlled Jingzhou. The Records of the Three Kingdoms stated that Liu Biao was “a thousand miles in a place and more than 100,000 armored”, and he was a powerful force in the south that could not be ignored.
Although Liu Biao manages his one-acre land very well, in terms of national-level strategic planning, Liu Biao is a little worse. When Cao Cao and Yuan Shao fought in the north, they both tried to win over Liu Biao. Liu Biao’s advisors told Liu Biao that at this time, “the heroes are fighting side by side, the two heroes are stalemate, and the most important thing in the world is the general.” Whoever you help will belong to the world. And Liu Bei, who had just run away from Yuan Shao, persuaded Liu Biao to find the right time to stab Cao Cao in the back. Liu Biao was unmoved and remained neutral. After Cao Cao and Yuan Shao finished fighting, did he come to his senses and said to Liu Bei, should we go north and beat him? At this moment, Liu Bei was speechless.
Because of “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, Liu Bei gives the impression of benevolence and righteousness, capable of crying, and “what to do”.
In fact, Liu Bei is very arrogant. When Cao Cao despised Liu Biao, he made it clear that he looked down on Liu Bei. First of all, Liu Bei’s political sense of smell is definitely the first in the Three Kingdoms era, not tied, and not one of the strongest. At first, Liu Bei surrendered to Lü Bu. But when Lü Bu and Cao Cao were fighting, Liu Bei defected to Cao Cao. Later, because of the imperial edict and the incident of cooking wine with green plums, Liu Bei quickly defected to Xuzhou and killed Che Zhou, the prefect of Xuzhou. Cao Cao personally attacked Liu Bei, but Liu Bei abandoned his wife and brother and went to Yuan Shao. After the Battle of the White Horse, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao entered a stalemate, and Liu Bei saw that Yuan Shao was not good enough, and left Yuan Shao to join Liu Biao. The keen sense of smell is second to none.
Moreover, Liu Bei is also very good at fighting. When Liu Bei defected to Xuzhou, he confidently stated that he would not be afraid of those under Cao Cao unless Cao Cao personally went out. (Then Cao Cao came ruthlessly.) When relying on Liu Biao, Liu Biao was also very afraid of Liu Bei, “Yin Yuzhi”. Liu Bei is so good at fighting, he’s always uncomfortable around him!
After Cao Cao pacified the north, the situation in the world would change. Jingzhou is located on the main road to the south, and the two high neighbors of Jingzhou, Cao Cao and Sun Quan, did not take Liu Biao seriously. Sun Quan even had a grudge against the Jingzhou Group for killing his father. In 208 AD, Sun Quan first attacked Jiangxia County, which borders Jiangdong, defeated Huang Zu, and occupied most of Jiangxia. In July of the same year, Cao Cao marched south. Several years ago, Zhang Xiu surrendered to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao took control of Nanyang County. This time, Cao Cao set out from Wancheng and marched south all the way to Xiangyang, the seat of Jingzhou. At that time, Liu Bei was the first line of defense against Cao Cao in Fancheng, which was separated by a water from Xiangyang, and held the door for Jingzhou. But at this juncture, Liu Biao passed away.
The Jingzhou nobility supported Liu Biao’s second son, Liu Cong, to take over as Jingzhou shepherd. Liu Cong originally wanted to resist, but everyone persuaded Liu Cong, which one do you think is better than Cao Cao or Liu Bei? It’s Cao Cao, right? That Liu Bei can’t beat Cao Cao. Even if he beats him, we can no longer control Liu Bei, we might as well hurry up and surrender. Liu Cong was persuaded, but Liu Bei was still in front of the door, what should I do? So Liu Cong sent people to bypass Liu Bei, directly contacted Cao Cao, and began to go through the surrender procedures.
If this scene is in the game, it should be that Jingzhou completed the painting and discoloration work in an instant, and Liu Bei was sitting at home and was suddenly put on the badge of Boss Cao. But this is the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the horses and horses are slow, whether it is love or surrender, it will take a long time. Liu Bei’s keen sense of smell has made a contribution again, why does he feel that he is suddenly exhausted? Write a letter to question Liu Cong. Liu Cong was an honest boy, and sent a little brother named Song Zhong to reply to Liu Bei: Yes, Uncle Liu, I surrendered to Cao Cao, and now we are all from Boss Cao!
Liu Bei pulled out his angry knives and pointed at Song Zhong, how do you kids do things like this? Forget it, I won’t kill you, just get out. Now that the matter has come, Liu Bei quickly packs up and prepares to retreat with his brethren. Passing by Xiangyang first, he scolded Liu Cong a few words under the city, and then turned towards Jiangxia. Why go to Jiangxia? Because Liu Qi is in Jiangxia, Liu Qi is still relatively close to his uncle. When Liu Qi and Liu Cong entered Jingzhou with their father Liu Biao, Liu Biao married a stepmother, Mrs. Cai, for the brothers in order to unite with the Jingzhou nobility. However, Liu Cong married a niece of Mrs. Cai’s as his wife, so Mrs. Cai, including the entire Jingzhou gentry, were optimistic about Liu Cong and did not want to see Liu Qi. Liu Qi once cried to Liu Bei, “My stepmother can’t tolerate me, and my life is at stake.” In the end, Zhuge Liang hinted that Liu Qi should take the initiative to stay away from the political center. Liu Qi understood it, and the next day he applied with his father to lead troops to guard Jiangxia. Liu Bei also helped fuel the flames, and Liu Qi successfully left the core of Jingzhou and started his new life in Jiangxia.
Liu Bei started from Xiangyang and moved to Jiangxia. There were more than 100,000 scholars and civilians who spontaneously followed Liu Bei in Xiangyang, with thousands of carriages. Liu Bei walked very slowly. Someone told Liu Bei that it was a kidney problem. For more than ten miles a day, Cao Cao was still behind. To die. It is suggested that Liu Bei leave these people behind and quickly occupy Jiangling. Jiangling is a military town after all, and there is still hope for a dozen fights there. Now, with so many people, none of them can wear plate armor. Cao Cao’s overtaking is all experience points. what. But Liu Bei refused. Liu Bei said a very classic sentence: “Fu Ji’s important affairs must be people-oriented.” However, the ideal is very full, and the reality is very skinny. Cao Cao led his light cavalry to rush three hundred li a day and night, and caught up with Liu Bei at Dangyang. Liu Bei didn’t care about putting people first, leaving his wife and children behind, and escaped with Zhao Yun, Zhang Fei, and Zhuge Liang. Just at this time, I met Lu Su of Soochow.
Lu Su is an honest and honest man in Romance. In fact, Lu Su is not only advanced in strategic thinking, but also has a high force value. When Lu Su defected to Zhou Yu, he was intercepted by Yuan Shu. Lu Su shot through several shields with one arrow, frightened the pursuers, and escaped smoothly. Soochow’s national-level strategic plan was also proposed by Lu Su, that is, to take Jingzhou first, then Yizhou, and Cao Cao to govern by river. Now that Cao Cao is heading south, Liu Cong surrenders, and Jingzhou changes color. Lu Su offered to go to Jingzhou, contact Liu Bei, and explore the truth. And then just witnessed Liu Bei’s rout in Dangyang. Liu Bei originally planned to defect to Wu Ju, the prefect of Cangwu, but Lu Su persuaded Liu Bei to join Sun Quan in order to promote the alliance between Sun and Liu and prevent Cao Cao from completely occupying Jingzhou. Having just experienced a major defeat, and with Cao Cao’s pursuit close at hand, it was difficult for Liu Bei to negotiate terms with Sun Quan. However, with Zhuge Liang’s excellent diplomatic skills, the two sides negotiated on an equal footing in Chaisang, and Sun Liu successfully became an ally.
On the other hand, Cao Cao has already stationed in Jiangling, and began to appease the surrendered Jingzhou scholars and do ideological and political work. This delay is more than two months. Liu Bei and Sun Quan were actively preparing for the battle. Zhou Yu assembled 30,000 troops, and together with Guan Yu’s Liu Qi’s 10,000 navy army, they went upstream and encountered Cao Cao’s army at Chibi. Everyone is familiar with the story of the Battle of Chibi. In the first battle of the new year, Cao Cao was defeated and stationed in Wulin on the other side. At that time, Cao Cao’s troops were not familiar with water warfare, and an epidemic had already broken out in the army. Huang Gai suggested that while Cao Cao had DEBUFF on him, he set a fire to burn them all. At that time, a strange southeast wind suddenly blew in the winter, and Cao Cao’s navy, together with the dry villages on the land, were burnt to pieces, and Cao Cao retreated from Huarong Road.
After Chibi’s defeat, Cao Cao didn’t fail from then on, but left Cao Ren, Xu Huang and others to guard Nanjun, and withdrew himself to the rear. Originally, after Liu Cong surrendered, Jingzhou was theoretically all Cao Cao’s territory except for Jiangxia, which was occupied by Sun Quan, but Cao Cao’s defeat in Chibi greatly weakened his control over Jingzhou. Among the seven commanderies of Jingxiang, only Nanyang County, which was occupied before the war, is still firmly in Cao Cao’s hands. Nan County has become a contested territory. Cao Ren and Zhou Yu fought in Nan County for more than a year, and Cao Ren gradually retreated. The four counties of Jingnan, Wuling, Lingling, Changsha, and Guiyang were in a state of no-ownership at this time. When Sun Quan and Cao Cao were fighting on the front line, Liu Bei occupied the four counties of Jingnan in the name of Liu Qi.
This behind-the-scenes act made Sun Quan very upset. However, Liu Bei argued that this was a legitimate matter, nothing. I am Liu Qi’s uncle, and Liu Qi is my eldest nephew. “Why not take Jingzhou with my uncle and nephew?” and listed Liu Qi as the prefect of Jingzhou.
Then Liu Bei went to Jiangling and “begged the governor of Jingzhou”, which probably means that my nephew is now the prefect of Jingzhou and wants Jiangling to be an office. Not the slightest bit of embarrassment.
There was a discussion on the matter within the Jiangdong Group. Lu Su persuaded Sun Quan that at this time the common enemy was still Cao Cao, and it was not appropriate to turn his face at this time. In the long run, haven’t we got Yizhou yet? Lu Su suggested to Sun Quan to lend Liu Bei the Nanjun he had just conquered, so that Liu Bei would have five commanderies in Jingzhou and be neighbors with Cao Cao. Liu Bei can block Cao Cao, and when Liu Bei stands firm, Cao Cao will feel uncomfortable. Although Zhou Yu was not accustomed to Liu Bei, he also thought that it was time to attack Yizhou. If he took Yizhou before Liu Bei, Liu Bei would be nothing but meat in the middle. Sun Quan accepted the suggestions of both parties, lent Nanjun to Liu Bei, and proposed to Liu Bei to attack Yizhou together. However, when it comes to Liu Zhang in Yizhou, Liu Bei begins to possess the actor: “Liu Jiyu, that’s from my Liu family, I really can’t bear to impress him. He offended you, I’ll pay you for him! If you I was really dissatisfied with him, so I had to lose my hair and hide in the mountains blablabla.”
Sun Quan is probably a black question mark. If you can speak human words, where did you come from this set of things. If you don’t hit me, hit yourself.
But some things may really be God’s will. As soon as Jiangdong Group’s Yizhou strategy plan started, Zhou Yu died of illness. Sun Quan had no choice but to put the matter in Yizhou on hold for the time being.
In fact, Liu Bei was actively preparing to attack Yizhou. Zhang Song and Fazheng, the important advisers in Yizhou, were turned against by Liu Bei and persuaded Liu Zhang to welcome Liu Bei into Shu and clean up Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu was the leader of Hanzhong County, the northernmost of Yizhou, bordering Cao Cao’s territory. It stands to reason that Zhang Lu is Liu Zhang’s subordinate, but Zhang Lu doesn’t listen to Liu Zhang at all, and Liu Zhang can’t beat Zhang Lu. Liu Zhang made a small calculation in his heart: Liu Bei, that is a well-known ruthless man. If he went to clean up Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu would definitely suffer. After that, I don’t want Zhang Lu’s Hanzhong, so I will give it to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei can help me block Cao Cao there. cost-effective. So he gladly accepted it, and Liu Bei entered Shu smoothly. However, Liu Zhang had Liu Zhang’s abacus, and Liu Bei had Liu Bei’s abacus. After Liu Bei came to Yizhou, the script began to spiral out of control. Liu Zhang gave soldiers, money, and food in the rear, but Liu Bei stayed at the door of Zhang Lu’s house and did not go any further. Finally, Zhang Song’s collusion with Liu Bei was revealed and he was killed. Liu Zhang cut off Liu Bei’s food and grass, and Liu Bei led his army back to Chengdu and occupied Yizhou.
When the news of Liu Bei’s occupation of Yizhou reached Sun Quan’s ears, Sun Quan deeply felt that his IQ was being pushed to the ground and rubbed hard. According to historical records, “the power was angry with him”, and he cursed “the sly captives dare to cheat!” So he asked Liu Bei to return Jingzhou. Note that Liu Bei only borrowed Nanjun, but Sun Quan asked Liu Bei to return the entire Jingzhou. This is because the Sun and Liu groups have fundamentally different perceptions of Jingzhou’s ownership. In Sun Quan’s view, Jingzhou surrendered to Cao Cao, and then Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi or Nanjun, all of which were defeated by Soochow. Therefore, Jingzhou should be regarded as the spoils of the Soochow Group. As for Liu Bei’s occupation of the four counties in Jingnan, that was the face of the Soochow Group, and it was only established because Soochow sincerely maintained the alliance.
But in Liu Bei’s view, it is not so complicated. Jingzhou was first owned by Liu Biao. After Liu Biao’s death, there is still Liu Qi, with me and Liu Qi’s uncle and nephew. Jingzhou is generally owned by my Liu family, which means that Liu Biao’s is mine.
Therefore, after hearing the request to return Jingzhou, Liu Bei calmly expressed that it was okay, and he would return it when I took Liangzhou. Where is Liangzhou? Near Gansu, the site of Ma Chao and Han Sui. It’s better to wait until I win Europe and then pay it back. Sun Quan then dispatched Lü Meng to send troops directly, occupying the two counties of Changsha and Guiyang, and besieging Lingling County. Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou, immediately assembled his troops to prepare for a counter-offensive, and Liu Bei also sent troops from Chengdu to support him. Lu Su led his troops to confront Guan Yu in Yiyang, and the two sides were tense.
Lu Su invited Guan Yu to negotiate, agreeing on how many people each side should bring, each with only one knife, and no other weapons of mass destruction allowed. This is the so-called “single sword meeting”, and it is not that Guan Yu really went to negotiate with a single sword. But this meeting was very unpleasant. Lu Su’s opening speech said that we once accepted you when you were in the most difficult time, and gave you a place to stand. Now that you have benefited the state, it is reasonable to return Jingzhou to us. Suddenly, someone below shouted, saying, “Land this kind of thing is originally owned by whoever has the ability, why should the land that is acquired by ability have to be returned!” Lu Su pointed at the man and scolded loudly. At that time, the people who attended the meeting should all be good knives and senior generals in the army. If they really fought, the consequences would be unimaginable. Guan Yu stopped the man and told him to stop talking, and the two sides parted ways.
Back at the barracks, the two sides were preparing for the battle, ready to tear. However, Liu Bei immediately asked for a second negotiation. This time the two sides reached an agreement to divide Jingzhou equally with the Xiangshui as the boundary. The three counties of Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang belonged to Sun Quan, and the three counties of Nan, Wuling and Lingling belonged to Liu Bei. Sun and Liu Xiubing went on strike.
The reason is that Cao Cao started to attack Hanzhong, and Liu Bei made peace with Sun Quan in order to avoid fighting on two fronts. Although Nan County did not return it, it returned Changsha and Guiyang counties. It can be seen that even a hero like Liu Bei has to pay back when he comes out to mix. Borrowing the story of Jingzhou, let’s turn it over here. However, the alliance between Sun and Liu had already existed in name only, and Guan Yu, who guarded Jingzhou alone, was about to encounter the moment when Wu Sheng fell.
*Today is the Historical Research Society. Have you played all the games in the illustrations? If you still remember some excellent games based on real history, you can come to Amway in the comment area.
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