Rural revitalization should focus on serving the disadvantaged groups of farmers and the disadvantaged groups among farmers, because at present and for a long time in the future, China will be in a situation where farmers are rapidly entering the city and the relationship between urban and rural areas is being restructured. background.
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Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, a lot of resources have been invested in local practice of rural revitalization across the country. In general, with the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the country has intensified its efforts to benefit farmers, strengthened rural infrastructure construction, and consolidated agricultural comprehensive production capacity. Hundreds of millions of farmers have become the biggest beneficiaries of rural revitalization.
However, judging from the current focus of local governments across the country on rural revitalization, it still seems necessary to discuss who a large amount of financial resources are invested in rural revitalization.
Department-based resource input has been widely criticized. An important reason is that resource input is repeated, lack of integration, and difficult to support. One of the ways is to strengthen the integration of departmental resources at the county level. Another widely criticized method of resource investment is called “sprinkling pepper noodles”. It is impossible to concentrate resources for construction. As a result, the investment of resources is not wet and the investment effect cannot be seen. In the context of rural revitalization, the county-level government has therefore concentrated resources that benefit farmers to build demonstration sites for rural revitalization. One demonstration site has invested tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars, and the village’s old appearance has changed, and the investment effect has been remarkable. The disadvantage is that it cannot be replicated, and the maintenance cost is high in the later period.
The first requirement of the 20-character general requirements of the rural revitalization strategy is “industry prosperity”. Under the circumstance that there is basically no room for manufacturing development in rural areas, almost all local governments in the country have placed their hopes on leisure agriculture and rural tourism for “industry prosperity”. In villages with a little location advantage and tourism resources, local governments have invested a lot of resources to build them. As a result, countless highly homogeneous rural tourism projects have been built across the country. Not only are the newly created projects lacking in tourists, but also some past agricultural tourism projects. The source of customers is scattered, and no money can be made.
The General Requirement of the Two Crosses requires farmers to “live well” and to live a prosperous life. They are engaged in agriculture in the countryside. It is impossible to become rich without a moderate scale of operation. Therefore, the local government focuses on supporting farmers with a moderate scale of operation, supporting farmers, and giving farmers more than the average amount of money. Much more financial policy support for farmers. Big rural households (whatever big households) receive more attention and support from the local government, because they are the representatives of “prosperous life” and the future direction of the countryside.
There are four sources for farmers to increase their income: wage income, business income, transfer payment and property income. At present, farmers’ wage income, operating income and transfer payments are all approaching the upper limit, so it seems natural for farmers to increase their property income. The so-called property income is mainly rental interest income, mainly land rental income, especially the income from non-agricultural use of agricultural land to generate value-added income. In urban villages, suburban villages, and urban and rural areas in developed coastal economic areas, where a large amount of farmland is used non-agriculturally and land is expropriated, farmers can obtain property income. One of the most important ways to increase farmers’ property income is to allow farmers to obtain more land appreciation benefits when expropriating farmers’ land, including higher compensation for land expropriation and allowing village collectives to reserve land for development.
The crux of the problem now is that the real possibility of increasing property income is precisely the urban villages, suburban villages and the villages within the urban belt of the economically developed eastern coastal areas where the current income is already high and the property income accounts for a large proportion. With urbanization, farmers can easily obtain employment in secondary and tertiary industries at their doorstep. The peasants in these areas are obviously not the same thing as the peasants in the vast majority of the country.
From the perspective of the requirements for industrial prosperity and affluent life, the current local government has the problem of disliking the poor and loving the rich in terms of financial investment and policy support. Generally, farmers and agricultural industries cannot obtain support, and the more rural areas with location and resource advantages, the more likely they are It is easy to get support. This support is unbalanced, and there is even a concentrated use of resources that should be used on the surface (sprinkled pepper noodles) to the so-called rural revitalization demonstration sites that cannot be replicated. As a result, the focus of national financial investment and policy support is to support the strong, and the balance of national resource investment has not been achieved. The groups that make up the majority of Chinese farmers and most villages in China are relatively neglected.
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The reason that local governments dislike the poor and love the rich in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is due to the lack of a deep understanding of the rural revitalization strategy. The implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy should be carried out in stages and regions. In terms of stages, the period from now to 2035 is only the initial stage of rural revitalization. In terms of regions, there is a development generation gap between the developed eastern coastal areas and the central and western regions, and the eastern region has become an inner part of the urban belt, which is different from the central and western regions. A large number of peasants have entered the city, and the hollowing out and aging of the countryside is completely different, or it is impossible for the central and western rural areas to replicate the model of the eastern region. The eastern region and the rural areas in the central and western regions are two completely different development paths.
From a broad perspective, the current rural revitalization strategy is mainly to serve the disadvantaged groups of farmers and the disadvantaged groups in the farmers, rather than to serve the urban middle class, the literati and petty bourgeoisie, and even the focus is not to serve the rural strong groups. There is a very popular view that in order to solve the current unbalanced development between urban and rural areas and carry out rural revitalization, it is necessary to send urbanites to the countryside and peasants to the cities. Urban people go to the countryside to buy land and build villas, and go to the countryside a few days a year to watch the stars and the moon, and their income is counted as rural per capita income. The rural per capita income has increased, and the farmers moved to the city. The income is counted as the city, and the urban per capita income decreased. That is, the income gap between urban and rural areas has been reduced. The problem is that urban people will crowd out the living resources of farmers when they go to the countryside, and farmers who lack the ability to live in the cities in a decent way leave the countryside and may wander in the cities, unable to live in a decent way.
At least at this stage, rural revitalization is not intended for the urban middle class and the petty bourgeoisie, and only a very few villages can make money from urbanites by marketing “nostalgia”.
Rural revitalization should focus on serving the disadvantaged groups of farmers and the disadvantaged groups among farmers, because at present and for a long time in the future, China will be in a situation where farmers are rapidly entering the city and the relationship between urban and rural areas is being restructured. background.
From the perspective of farmers, they are undoubtedly a relatively weak group in China, and they are in the process of rapidly entering the city. Generally speaking, farmers lack economic capital, social capital and cultural capital. They are often only the young children of their families who move to the city while their middle-aged and elderly parents stay in the village. It is very difficult for them to enter the city, and it is often difficult for them to live in the city decently even if they do. , they are likely to fail in the city and have to return to the countryside. Therefore, the countryside is the basic guarantee and retreat for farmers, and the source of psychological security for farmers who enter the city. Urban farmers therefore tend to keep their homesteads and contracted land in the countryside. Rural revitalization cannot eliminate basic guarantees and retreats in rural areas.
Rural revitalization should not only pay attention to farmers who are disadvantaged groups, but especially to the disadvantaged groups of farmers, because the disadvantaged groups of farmers lack the ability to compete in cities and markets, and they need more rural areas and agriculture as their income and employment. as their basic security. From the perspective of agriculture, small farmers with the elderly as the main body may not have high labor productivity. From the perspective of the elderly in rural areas, small-scale agriculture is not only a source of income, but also employment opportunities, labor rights, and the expression of the meaning of life. The basis of social death.
At present, most of the more than 200 million migrant workers in cities are still unable to live stably in cities, so they cannot do without the rural retreat and psychological safety insurance. The 800 million farmers, including migrant workers, account for the majority of the Chinese population. , the majority of this population do not have basic security and psychological safety insurance, China’s social structure will be inflexible, and China’s modernization will easily be in danger.
Only when China’s urbanization is nearly complete, the peasants in the cities can live decently in the cities, a large number of peasants move into the cities, providing more profit opportunities for the peasants who stay in the villages, and the country has more financial capacity for everyone, including the peasants. Provide relatively decent basic social security, rural areas are no longer the basic security for farmers, and rural revitalization can no longer focus on serving farmers, but can be built from the perspective of ecology, middle-class needs, homesickness, and even the religion of hometown. Revitalization can also enter the advanced stage.
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Reflecting on the current practice of rural revitalization carried out by local governments in China, there are indeed some problems in the current practice of rural revitalization. At present, rural revitalization is still in its infancy. The core task is to lay the foundation, make up for shortcomings, and ensure the bottom line, mainly serving farmers who are disadvantaged groups and disadvantaged groups among farmers. At present, there is a relatively serious impatience in the practice of local rural revitalization across the country. There is a rapid development regardless of the current stage of development and conditions. There are also problems of disliking the poor and loving the rich, and supporting the strong regardless of the weak, which not only further exacerbates regional disparities, There is a gap between villages and farmers, and a lot of precious resources are wasted and even serious debts are owed.
Rural revitalization is a historic task that cannot be rushed. Haste may be counterproductive.
The enthusiasm of local governments in the practice of rural revitalization should stop.
(Transfer from: New Sannong WeChat public account)
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