Preamble
Global fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions fell by 5.6% in 2020 due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, but atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitric oxide continued to increase in 2020-2021. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the global average temperature in 2021 (January to September) will be about 1.08±0.13℃ higher than the average temperature before 1850-1900. Affected by rising greenhouse gas concentrations, global sea levels have accelerated at a rate of 4.4 mm per year over the past eight years, reaching a record high in 2021. In addition, the loss of glaciers and ice sheets is not optimistic, and the extent of sea ice in the entire Arctic region has reached an all-time low in early July 2021.
These shocking data show that carbon reduction is urgent. On October 11, 2021, the fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) was held in Kunming. On November 1 of the same year, the 26th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26) was held in Glasgow, UK. From Kunming to Glasgow, and from COP15 to COP26, the international community has increasingly realized that the earth’s ecosystem is an indivisible whole, and to address challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss, the international community needs to work together to deal with it. During the COP26 meeting, Russia and India also announced a clear time for carbon neutrality. Whether it is dealing with climate change or carbon neutrality, China has shown its determination to face the problem and a specific course of action, demonstrating China’s responsibility to promote global climate governance.
On September 22, 2020, at the general debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly, President Xi Jinping made a solemn commitment to the international community for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Subsequently, this “3060 goal” was included in the “14th Five-Year Plan” proposal, and the Central Economic Work Conference also listed the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality work as one of the annual key tasks for the first time. To achieve carbon neutrality, it is urgent to develop strategic technologies for a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and to accelerate the integration of technology and various economic and social fields.
This report summarizes the current implementation of eight key low-carbon emerging technologies towards carbon neutrality in various human production and living scenarios (low-carbon buildings, low-carbon energy, low-carbon parks, low-carbon industries, and low-carbon consumption). Technologies include: artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, clean energy technologies, digital twins, big data, and robotics. These technologies have enormous potential not only to be the key to achieving carbon neutrality, but also to help the planet build a digital ecosystem leading to the future.
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