Original link: https://ljf.com/2022/08/15/1115/
Lecture 1 : Opportunities and Challenges of China’s Economic Development
The potential for continued economic growth in China
1. Technological progress and capital accumulation
2. Technological progress and industrial upgrading
3. Perfect system
Fourth, technological innovation: independent research and development and technology introduction
5. Technology introduction takes advantage of latecomers
6. Can China’s rapid growth be maintained?
China’s economic problems
1. Income inequality and widening urban-rural gap
2. Inefficient use of resources and imbalances in the environment,
3. External Imbalances and Currency Appreciation
4. Corruption
5. Educational issues
Lecture 2 The Needham Mystery and the Rise and Fall of China
1. China’s achievements in pre-modern society
1. The largest economic scale
2. Leading technology level,
3. Active market economy
4. A prosperous city.
In the traditional agricultural society, it is actually the most rational choice for farmers not to save and accumulate, because the technological progress of the traditional agricultural society is slow, and the farmers’ savings have reached a state of equilibrium.
For the whole world, before the 18th century, economic growth was very slow, with an annual growth rate of only 0.05%.
After the Industrial Revolution, the economic growth rate of European countries accelerated. In the 18th and 19th centuries, per capita income increased by an average of 1% per year. The time for per capita income to double is shortened to seventy years. In the 20th century, the average annual growth rate was 2%, which was 40 times that of industry before the revolution, and it only took 35 years for per capita income to double.
Generally, the patent protection of a new technology is up to 20 years. In fact, because the current technology changes rapidly, there are many technologies that basically do not need to spend any money to be introduced after ten years. If a relatively new technology is introduced, the cost Yes, but some statistical analysis shows that the patent fee required for introduction will not exceed 30% of the cost of researching the technology at the time.
Francis Bacon, a famous British statesman and philosopher, pointed out in an article that there are three technologies that have brought Europe out of the dark ages. These three technologies are gunpowder, compass and paper printing.
Needham Mystery. This question contains two aspects. The first aspect is why China’s science and technology were very advanced in pre-modern society, and the second aspect is why in today’s society, China has become a technologically backward country and has not maintained its original lead.
The difference between modern science and traditional science: first, modern science uses mathematical models to formulate hypotheses about natural phenomena; second, modern science uses controlled experiments or replicated experiments to test the authenticity of hypotheses.
Summarize
Max Weber proposed why capitalism appeared very early in China, but China did not eventually enter a capitalist society? In fact, after careful consideration, you will find that the key to the problem is that there is no scientific revolution, and without the scientific revolution, there will be no industrial revolution.
To be continued
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